Здравствуйте, Head Ache, Вы писали:

HA>В чем же разница между суперкондесатором (СК) и литиевой батареей?

Можно подумать, это тайна за семью печатями. Повторяю, при движении в городе, возможно, и рекуперировать-то нет особого смысла из-за относительно низкой стоимости электроэнергии. А вот при движении за городом, особенно на более приличных скоростях, совсем другое дело. Но там у электромобиля, по идее, нет особых преимуществ перед автомобилем с ДВС.

https://electrek.co/2018/04/24/regenerative-braking-how-it-works/

Efficiency

No machine can be 100% efficient (without breaking the laws of physics), as any transfer of energy will inevitably incur some loss as heat, light, noise, etc. Efficiency of the regenerative braking process varies across many vehicles, motors, batteries and controllers, but is often somewhere in the neighborhood of 60-70% efficient. Regen usually loses around 10-20% of the energy being captured, and then the car loses another 10-20% or so when converting that energy back into acceleration, according to Tesla. This is fairly standard across most electric vehicles including cars, trucks, electric bicycles, electric scooters, etc.

Keep in mind that this 70% does not mean that regenerative braking will give an 70% range increase. This isn’t going to bump your range from 100 miles to 170 miles. This simply means that 70% of the kinetic energy lost during the act of braking can be turned back into acceleration later.

This is why only reporting the efficiency of the system doesn’t really mean much. Someone could be very efficient when they work, but if they only work an hour a day, they probably aren’t accomplishing a lot. What should interest us more is the effectiveness of regenerative braking.

Effectiveness
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Fortunately, a number of Tesla drivers have reported back energy contribution data using different data tracking apps. Model S drivers have reported recapturing as much as 32% of their total energy use while driving up and then back downhill. This would effectively increase a 100 mile car’s range to 132 miles, for example. A Model S P85D owner reported approximately 28% energy recapture (forum in Danish) and still others have reported recapturing between 15-20% of their total kWh usage on average during normal trips.

For smaller EVs such as personal electric vehicles, the numbers aren’t quite as optimistic. On multiple electric bicycles with regenerative braking options, I’ve generally averaged around 4-5% regeneration, with a maximum of around 8% in hilly areas. Other personal electric vehicles including electric scooters and skateboards have similar results, usually in the lower single digits. Again, keep in mind this isn’t the raw efficiency of the system (as in how much braking energy is lost in the energy transfer), it’s the effectiveness (as in how much further your range increases due to the use of regenerative braking).

As I mentioned above, this is largely due to the lower weight of personal electric vehicles. They simply don’t carry much momentum and thus have less kinetic energy to convert back into the battery.