Привожу цитату из статьи DRAKON английской Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRAKON

DRAKON is an algorithmic visual programming language developed within the Buran space project following ergonomic design principles. The language provides a uniform way to represent flowcharts of any complexity that are easy to read and understand.

The DRAKON Editor, which was released in September 2011, is an implementation of the language available in the public domain. It can be used for creating documentation, or for creating visual programs that can be converted to source code in other languages.

Unlike UML's philosophy, DRAKON language philosophy is based on being augmented if needed, by using a hybrid language, which can be illustrated as "eating code snippets from text language used". This way, DRAKON stays a simple visual language, that can, in fact, be used itself as an augmentation language for a programmer, who is interested in improving ergonomics of coding process or to make code easy to review and understand.

DRAKON is Russian acronym that says "Дружелюбный Русский Алгоритмический [язык], Который Обеспечивает Наглядность", i.e. "Friendly Russian algorithmic [language] that provides illustrativeness". The word "наглядность" (pronounced approximately as "naa-glya-dno-st-th") refers to a quality of concept or idea being easy to imagine and understand, and may be translated as "clarity" as well.

It is to note, that DRAKON language can be used both as modelling language (standalone use) and as programming language (use as part of a hybrid language). Such approach allows to view DRAKON as a way to add syntactic sugar into any supported programming language user programmer is qualified to use.

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Family of DRAKON-languages (hybrid languages)
3 DRAKON's philosophy and purposes
4 Examples
4.1 Branching
4.2 Check-do (while) loop
4.3 Do-check (do-while) loop
5 DRAKON Editor
5.1 Features
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
The development of DRAKON started in 1986 and was directed by Vladimir Parondzhanov with the participation of Russian Federal Space Agency (Academician Pilyugin Center, Moscow) and Russian Academy of Sciences (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics). The language was constructed by formalization, ergonomization and nonclassical structurization of flowcharts described in the ISO 5807-85 standard and Russian standard «Гост 19.701-90» and for the development of real time programs.[1][2]

The goal was to replace specialised languages PROL2 (ПРОЛ2) (assigned for developing onboard complex software for embedded computer system Biser-4 (Бисер-4) on board of Buran),[3] DIPOL (ДИПОЛЬ) (assigned for developing software for ground maintenance computer system of Buran)[3] and LAKS (ЛАКС) (assigned for modelling) used in the Buran project with one universal programming language.

The work was finished in 1996 (3 years after the Buran project was officially closed), when an automated CASE programming system called "Grafit-Floks" was developed.[4]

This CASE is used since 1996 in many major space programs: an international project Sea Launch, Russian orbit insertion upper stage Fregat (Russian: Фрегат, frigate),[5] upgraded heavy launch vehicle (carrier rocket) Proton-M, etc.

DRAKON rules for creating diagrams are cognitively optimized for easy comprehension, making it a tool for intelligence augmentation.[1][6][7][8]

Family of DRAKON-languages (hybrid languages)[edit]

Icons of DRAKON language

Macroicons of DRAKON language.
DRAKON (Russian: ДРАКОН) is designed with humanistic ideas in mind, as usage of three different languages for the same project was a source of human factor-related hardships such risks of having a mutual misunderstanding.

DRAKON is used not as a single stand-alone language but as a family of hybrid languages, such as DRAKON-C, DRAKON-ASM, DRAKON-Java, etc. All hybrid languages of the DRAKON-family have the uniform graphical syntax, based on flowcharts. The standard graphical syntax provides similarity of drakon-charts for different hybrid languages. The text language used uses its own syntax.

Strict distinction of the graphical and textual syntax along with rich graphics improves flexibility and variety of expressive means of the language. The unification of the rules of the graphical syntax in the hybrid languages secures their conceptual unity.

The basis of the graphical syntax is a graphical alphabet. Graphical elements (graphical letters) of the DRAKON alphabet are called icons (not symbols). There are 27 icons in the DRAKON graphical alphabet.

DRAKON has not only icons, but also macroicons. Macroicons are the graphical words of the DRAKON language. Just as words are made up of letters, macroiсons (graphical words) consist of the icons (graphical letters). There are 21 macroicons in the DRAKON language.

Icons and macroiсons are the building blocks for constructing drakon-charts.

The important parts of maсroiсons are valence points (in the illustration to the right, they are depicted as little black circles). Into these points, icons or microicons can be successively entered and arranged by drakon-editor in neat, orderly vertical rows.

DRAKON's philosophy and purposes[edit]
DRAKON was created as a language with a set of rules that would allow to depict algorithms in fields, not necessarily related to computing, being easy to learn. The main reason that led to the development of the language was emerging risk of misunderstanding, and following errors upon interaction between different programming languages (namely, DIPOL, LAX and PROL2).

DRAKON serves as an easy to use tool, that improves communication between programmers, who mastered different programming languages: drakon-chart, by being closely similar to a traditional flowchart (yet with additional functionality for text language code, such as code snippeds, provided a hybrid is used) allows to produce and keep readable flowchart at hand simultaneously with process of making the program in question.

DRAKON is notable for being used without programming language syntax, but with spoken language, for illustrative purposes. Namely, in the medicine field in Russia as a way to compose flowchart-like algorithms, that both create a map-like gide for patients and form instructions for medical personnel.

Sometimes DRAKON icons are being modified by inserting a photo as icon's filler under the text, forming a sort of formally strict and easy to modify infographics.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRAKON

Привожу цитату из статьи DRAKON английской Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRAKON

DRAKON is an algorithmic visual programming language developed within the Buran space project following ergonomic design principles. The language provides a uniform way to represent flowcharts of any complexity that are easy to read and understand.

The DRAKON Editor, which was released in September 2011, is an implementation of the language available in the public domain. It can be used for creating documentation, or for creating visual programs that can be converted to source code in other languages.

Unlike UML's philosophy, DRAKON language philosophy is based on being augmented if needed, by using a hybrid language, which can be illustrated as "eating code snippets from text language used". This way, DRAKON stays a simple visual language, that can, in fact, be used itself as an augmentation language for a programmer, who is interested in improving ergonomics of coding process or to make code easy to review and understand.

DRAKON is Russian acronym that says "Дружелюбный Русский Алгоритмический [язык], Который Обеспечивает Наглядность", i.e. "Friendly Russian algorithmic [language] that provides illustrativeness". The word "наглядность" (pronounced approximately as "naa-glya-dno-st-th") refers to a quality of concept or idea being easy to imagine and understand, and may be translated as "clarity" as well.

It is to note, that DRAKON language can be used both as modelling language (standalone use) and as programming language (use as part of a hybrid language). Such approach allows to view DRAKON as a way to add syntactic sugar into any supported programming language user programmer is qualified to use.

Contents [hide]

1 History
2 Family of DRAKON-languages (hybrid languages)
3 DRAKON's philosophy and purposes
4 Examples
4.1 Branching
4.2 Check-do (while) loop
4.3 Do-check (do-while) loop
5 DRAKON Editor
5.1 Features
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

History[edit]

The development of DRAKON started in 1986 and was directed by Vladimir Parondzhanov with the participation of Russian Federal Space Agency (Academician Pilyugin Center, Moscow) and Russian Academy of Sciences (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics). The language was constructed by formalization, ergonomization and nonclassical structurization of flowcharts described in the ISO 5807-85 standard and Russian standard «Гост 19.701-90» and for the development of real time programs.[1][2]

The goal was to replace specialised languages PROL2 (ПРОЛ2) (assigned for developing onboard complex software for embedded computer system Biser-4 (Бисер-4) on board of Buran),[3] DIPOL (ДИПОЛЬ) (assigned for developing software for ground maintenance computer system of Buran)[3] and LAKS (ЛАКС) (assigned for modelling) used in the Buran project with one universal programming language.

The work was finished in 1996 (3 years after the Buran project was officially closed), when an automated CASE programming system called "Grafit-Floks" was developed.[4]

This CASE is used since 1996 in many major space programs: an international project Sea Launch, Russian orbit insertion upper stage Fregat (Russian: Фрегат, frigate),[5] upgraded heavy launch vehicle (carrier rocket) Proton-M, etc.

DRAKON rules for creating diagrams are cognitively optimized for easy comprehension, making it a tool for intelligence augmentation.[1][6][7][8]

Family of DRAKON-languages (hybrid languages)[edit]

Icons of DRAKON language

Macroicons of DRAKON language.

DRAKON (Russian: ДРАКОН) is designed with humanistic ideas in mind, as usage of three different languages for the same project was a source of human factor-related hardships such risks of having a mutual misunderstanding.

DRAKON is used not as a single stand-alone language but as a family of hybrid languages, such as DRAKON-C, DRAKON-ASM, DRAKON-Java, etc. All hybrid languages of the DRAKON-family have the uniform graphical syntax, based on flowcharts. The standard graphical syntax provides similarity of drakon-charts for different hybrid languages. The text language used uses its own syntax.

Strict distinction of the graphical and textual syntax along with rich graphics improves flexibility and variety of expressive means of the language. The unification of the rules of the graphical syntax in the hybrid languages secures their conceptual unity.

The basis of the graphical syntax is a graphical alphabet. Graphical elements (graphical letters) of the DRAKON alphabet are called icons (not symbols). There are 27 icons in the DRAKON graphical alphabet.

DRAKON has not only icons, but also macroicons. Macroicons are the graphical words of the DRAKON language. Just as words are made up of letters, macroiсons (graphical words) consist of the icons (graphical letters). There are 21 macroicons in the DRAKON language.

Icons and macroiсons are the building blocks for constructing drakon-charts.

The important parts of maсroiсons are valence points (in the illustration to the right, they are depicted as little black circles). Into these points, icons or microicons can be successively entered and arranged by drakon-editor in neat, orderly vertical rows.

DRAKON's philosophy and purposes[edit]

DRAKON was created as a language with a set of rules that would allow to depict algorithms in fields, not necessarily related to computing, being easy to learn. The main reason that led to the development of the language was emerging risk of misunderstanding, and following errors upon interaction between different programming languages (namely, DIPOL, LAX and PROL2).

DRAKON serves as an easy to use tool, that improves communication between programmers, who mastered different programming languages: drakon-chart, by being closely similar to a traditional flowchart (yet with additional functionality for text language code, such as code snippeds, provided a hybrid is used) allows to produce and keep readable flowchart at hand simultaneously with process of making the program in question.

DRAKON is notable for being used without programming language syntax, but with spoken language, for illustrative purposes. Namely, in the medicine field in Russia as a way to compose flowchart-like algorithms, that both create a map-like gide for patients and form instructions for medical personnel.

Sometimes DRAKON icons are being modified by inserting a photo as icon's filler under the text, forming a sort of formally strict and easy to modify infographics.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRAKON