The Julia Language

Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of other technical computing environments. It provides a sophisticated compiler, distributed parallel execution, numerical accuracy, and an extensive mathematical function library. The library, mostly written in Julia itself, also integrates mature, best-of-breed C and Fortran libraries for linear algebra, random number generation, FFTs, and string processing. More libraries continue to be added over time. Julia programs are organized around defining functions, and overloading them for different combinations of argument types (which can also be user-defined).

Запись в блоге о том, почему они создали язык Julia:
Why We Created Julia

Посмотреть полный мануал можно здесь:
Manual

Специально, для любителей метапрограммирования:
Metaprogramming