А>>что такое binding modes в данном контексте?
D>Маловато для контекста. Можно абзац? И о чем идет речь в целом, о базах данных?

Название статьи "Object-Oriented Database as a Dynamic System with Implicit State"
Вот абзац
Abstract. A formalization of object-oriented database concepts in the
context of algebraic specications with implicit state is proposed. An ob-
ject database schema is represented as a dynamic system and an object
database instance as a state algebra. The paper also provides a formal-
ization of binding modes and a rigorous treatment of null value.
Keywords: object modeling, object-oriented database, dynamic system,
implicit state, state update.