template<char*>f();
//или так:
template<std::string>f();

//c тем, чтобы потом сделать:
f<"some_string">();

 typedef const char * cpchar;
 template<cpchar V>f()
{
  printf(V);
}

[]
> f<"some_string">();
>

template<char const*>
struct some {};

// анонимный namespace для того, чтобы сущность не была доступна из других модулей
namespace {

// extern для того, чтобы сделать константе external linkage (для констант он internal по-умолчанию)
extern char const me[] = "me";

}

some<me> s;

const char * msg[] = {
  "Hello World!\n",
  "Hello Universe!\n"
};

template<unsigned int V>f()
{
  printf(msg[V]);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  f<0>();
  f<1>();
  return 0;
}

Hello Universe!
Hello Universe!

template<typename T, T v>
struct Value2Type
{
};

template<unsigned int V>
void foo(Value2Type<unsigned int, V> v = Value2Type<unsigned int, V>())
{
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  foo<0u>();
}

F:\test>como test.cpp
Comeau C/C++ 4.3.3 (Oct 25 2003 12:02:26) for MS_WINDOWS_x86
Copyright 1988-2003 Comeau Computing.  All rights reserved.
MODE:strict warnings C++

"test.cpp", line 13: error: template instantiation resulted in unexpected
          function type of "void (Value2Type<unsigned int, 0U>)" (the meaning
          of a name may have changed since the template declaration -- the
          type of the template is "void (Value2Type<unsigned int, V>)")
    foo<0u>();
             ^
          detected during instantiation of "foo" based on template argument
                    <0U> at line 13

1 error detected in the compilation of "test.cpp".

template<unsigned int v>
struct Value2Type
{
};

template<unsigned int V>
void foo(Value2Type<V> v = Value2Type<V>())
{
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  foo<0u>();
}

> ° это к вопросу об rvalue

5.1.2 A literal is a primary expression. Its type depends on its form (2.13). A string literal is an lvalue; all other literals are rvalues.

...

14.3.2.2 Note: A string literal (2.13.4) is not an acceptable template argument because a string literal is an object with internal linkage.