class MetadataType
{
    MetadataType();
    MetadataType( const MetadataType& );
    MetadataType& operator =( const MetadataType& );

public:

    enum Enum
    {
        CompanySymbol,
        CompanyName,
        Industry,
        Keyword,
        Other
    };
};

КЛ>class MetadataType
КЛ>{
КЛ>    MetadataType();
КЛ>    MetadataType( const MetadataType& );
КЛ>    MetadataType& operator =( const MetadataType& );

КЛ>public:

КЛ>    enum Enum
КЛ>    {
КЛ>        CompanySymbol,
КЛ>        CompanyName,
КЛ>        Industry,
КЛ>        Keyword,
КЛ>        Other
КЛ>    };
КЛ>};

КЛ>

....
#if defined(WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#define GENERIC_READ_WRITE    (GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE)
#elif defined(_POSIX_)
#include <stdio.h>     /* 'sprintf'    */
#include <unistd.h>    /* 'lseek'      */
#include <fcntl.h>     /* 'open'       */
#include <sys/stat.h>  /* 'S_IRUSR,... */
#include <sys/syslimits.h> /* 'PATH_MAX,... */
#include <errno.h>    /* 'extern int errno' */
#include <string.h>   /* "char* strerror( int errnum ); */
#define CloseHandle(x)          close(x)
#define MAX_PATH                PATH_MAX
#define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE    (-1)
#define CREATE_NEW              O_CREAT|O_EXCL
#define CREATE_ALWAYS           O_CREAT|O_TRUNC
#define OPEN_EXISTING           0
#define OPEN_ALWAYS             O_CREAT
#define TRUNCATE_EXISTING       O_TRUNC
#define GENERIC_READ            O_RDONLY
#define GENERIC_WRITE           O_WRONLY
#define GENERIC_READ_WRITE      O_RDWR
#define FILE_BEGIN              SEEK_SET
#define FILE_CURRENT            SEEK_CUR
#define FILE_END                SEEK_END
#define FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH O_SYNC
typedef int HANDLE;
#else
#error ERROR: WIN32 or POSIX supported!
#endif


class FileOpening {
public:
    enum Enum {
        CreateNew=CREATE_NEW,              //!< Creates a new file. The function fails if the specified file already exists.
        CreateAlways=CREATE_ALWAYS,        //!< Creates a new file. If the file exists, the function overwrites the file, clears the existing attributes, and combines the file attributes and flags specified by dwFlagsAndAttributes with FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE.
        OpenExisting=OPEN_EXISTING,        //!< Opens the file. The function fails if the file does not exist.
        OpenAlways=OPEN_ALWAYS,            //!< Opens the file, if it exists. If the file does not exist, the function creates the file as if dwCreationDisposition were CREATE_NEW.
        TruncateExisting=TRUNCATE_EXISTING //!< Opens the file. Once opened, the file is truncated so that its size is zero bytes. The calling process must open the file with at least GENERIC_WRITE access. The function fails if the file does not exist.
    };
};


class FileAccess {
public:
    enum Enum {
        ReadOnly=GENERIC_READ,             //!< Open file for reading only.
        ReadWrite=GENERIC_READ_WRITE,      //!< Open file for reading and writing.
        WriteOnly=GENERIC_WRITE            //!< Open file for writing only.
    };
};

................

template <
    enum FileOpening::Enum OpenTraits,
    enum FileAccess::Enum  AccessTraits = FileAccess::ReadOnly,
    enum FileShare::Enum   ShareTraits  = FileShare::NoShare
> class File {
public:


................

File<FileOpening::OpenExisting> file("post.txt");

КЛ>>class MetadataType
КЛ>>{
КЛ>>    MetadataType();
КЛ>>    MetadataType( const MetadataType& );
КЛ>>    MetadataType& operator =( const MetadataType& );
КЛ>>public:
КЛ>>    enum Enum
КЛ>>    {
КЛ>>        CompanySymbol,
КЛ>>        CompanyName,
КЛ>>        Industry,
КЛ>>        Keyword,
КЛ>>        Other
КЛ>>    };
КЛ>>};
КЛ>>

using

КЛ>>>>class MetadataType
КЛ>>>>{
КЛ>>>>    MetadataType();
КЛ>>>>    MetadataType( const MetadataType& );
КЛ>>>>    MetadataType& operator =( const MetadataType& );
КЛ>>>>public:
КЛ>>>>    enum Enum
КЛ>>>>    {
КЛ>>>>        CompanySymbol,
КЛ>>>>        CompanyName,
КЛ>>>>        Industry,
КЛ>>>>        Keyword,
КЛ>>>>        Other
КЛ>>>>    };
КЛ>>>>};
КЛ>>>>

1)
void f( MetadataType );

2)
MetadataType* type1, type2;

....

*type1 = *type2;

> class MetadataType
> {
>     MetadataType();
>     MetadataType( const MetadataType& );
>     MetadataType& operator =( const MetadataType& );
> 
> public:
> 
>     enum Enum
>     {
>         CompanySymbol,
>         CompanyName,
>         Industry,
>         Keyword,
>         Other
>     };
> };

namespace request_type {

enum type { none, master, add, update, get, del };

}

request_type::type parse(str_ref cmd, record_t*);

// библиотека
template <typename T, typename T::EnumType initialValue>
struct EnumHolder : public T
{
    typedef typename T::EnumType EnumType;

    EnumHolder(IN EnumType value = initialValue)
    {
        this->enumValue_ = value;
    }

    EnumHolder(IN const EnumHolder &rhs)
    {
        this->enumValue_ = rhs.enumValue_;
    }

    EnumHolder &operator=(IN const EnumHolder &rhs)
    {
        this->enumValue_ = rhs.enumValue_;

        return *this;
    }

    EnumHolder &operator=(IN const EnumType value)
    {
        this->enumValue_ = value;
        return *this;
    }

    bool operator==(IN const EnumType value) const
    {
        return this->enumValue_ == value;
    }

    bool operator!=(IN const EnumType value) const 
    { 
        return !(*this == value); 
    }

    /// Оператор приведения типа к типу int, чтобы работал switch
    operator int () const { return (int)this->enumValue_; }

private:        

    EnumType enumValue_;
};

//------------------------------------------------------------
// использование

struct NumbersHelper
{
    enum EnumType { Zero, One, Two, Three};
};

// типизированный enum
typedef EnumHolder<NumbersHelper, NumbersHelper::Zero> Numbers;